A) The human body obtains the nitrogen it needs from the air.
B) There is very little nitrogen in the atmosphere.
C) Nitrogen originates principally from volcanic sources.
D) Nitrogen is a variable gas.
E) Nitrogen fixed by bacteria rarely returns to the atmosphere.
G) A) and E)
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A) ozone,PAN,and nitric acid.
B) PAN,nitric acid,and carbon monoxide.
C) ozone,particulate matter,and carbon monoxide.
D) PAN,carbon monoxide,and particulate matter.
E) VOC and sulfur oxides.
G) C) and E)
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A) air quality is satisfactory and air pollution poses little to no risk.
B) some pollutants may pose health concerns for unusually sensitive individuals.
C) everyone may experience serious health effects from hazardous air conditions.
D) the entire population may be affected by the air quality.
E) at risk populations may be adversely affected,but the general public will likely not.
G) C) and D)
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A) argon
B) oxygen
C) neon
D) water vapor
E) xenon
G) None of the above
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A) the outer boundary of the exosphere (32,000 km (20,000 mi) ) .
B) the top of the atmosphere (480 km (300 mi) ) .
C) the top of the stratosphere (50 km (31 mi) ) .
D) the top of the troposphere (12 km (8 mi) ) .
E) Earth's surface at the equator (sea level) .
G) A) and D)
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A) decrease with altitude according to the normal lapse rate.
B) remain about the same from the tropopause to the stratopause.
C) increase with altitude because of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation.
D) decrease with altitude due to radiation losses.
E) increase with altitude due to increased atmospheric pressure.
G) A) and E)
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A) infrared radiation from the ground heats this layer more than any other layer.
B) methane is such an effective greenhouse gas.
C) carbon dioxide has accumulated to very high levels in this layer.
D) it is in direct contact with high energy solar radiation.
E) high intensity solar radiation causes strong chemical reactions with ozone,and this heats the layer to very high temperatures.
G) All of the above
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A) one continuous region.
B) two broad classifications: homosphere and heterosphere.
C) two functional areas that absorb radiation from the Sun.
D) the troposphere and the stratosphere.
E) four regions based on temperature gradients.
G) A) and C)
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A) The depletion is restricted to the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
B) It results from chemical reactions with chlorine derived from CFCs.
C) It results from the burning of fossil fuels.
D) The notion that ozone is being depleted as a result of human activity has little scientific evidence to support it.
E) Ozone depletion is of little concern to humans,though it can damage plants.
G) A) and C)
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A) is produced by the absorption of UV radiation.
B) is more a measure of sensible temperature than kinetic energy.
C) would feel cold to humans due to few molecules for heat transfer.
D) produces a tremendous amount of heat transfer.
E) is produced primarily by the increased molecular activity of argon and helium.
G) D) and E)
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A) Both natural and anthropogenic gases,particles,and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans.
B) Solely anthropogenic gases,particles,and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans.
C) Solely natural gases,particles,and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans.
D) A distinct class of gases,particles,and other substances that the EPA has deemed worthy of regulating.
E) The release of certain gases,particles,and other substances to the air in quantities that exceed local,state,federal,and international laws.
G) A) and E)
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A) nitrogen.
B) argon.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) oxygen.
E) ozone.
G) C) and E)
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A) troposphere and mesosphere
B) troposphere and stratosphere
C) stratosphere and mesosphere
D) stratosphere and thermosphere
E) mesosphere and thermosphere
G) A) and B)
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A) The altitude of the upper limits of the troposphere (the tropopause) varies with season and latitude.
B) Approximately 90% of the total mass of the atmosphere is within the troposphere.
C) Temperatures increase with altitude in the troposphere because the higher in altitude,the closer to the sun.
D) The bulk of all water vapor occurs in the troposphere.
E) An average temperature of -57°C (-70°F) defines the tropopause.
G) All of the above
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A) The thermosphere and ozonosphere are the same.
B) The ozonosphere stretches from the Earth's surface to approximately 50 km (30 mi. ) .
C) All but 0.001 percent of the atmosphere is accounted for within the stratosphere.
D) The ozonosphere corresponds with the stratosphere.
E) Noctilucent clouds occur in the ozonosphere.
G) B) and C)
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A) carbon dioxide,argon,oxygen.
B) oxygen,carbon dioxide,argon.
C) argon,oxygen,nitrogen.
D) oxygen,argon,nitrogen.
E) nitrogen,oxygen,argon.
G) B) and C)
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A) well mixed;thermal motions (i.e. ,convection)
B) well mixed;gravity causes gases of different weight to diffuse randomly
C) poorly mixed;thermal motions (i.e. ,convection)
D) poorly mixed;gravity causes gases of different weight to separate into layers
E) moderately mixed due to both thermal motion and separation by gravity
G) C) and E)
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