Question 1

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

Accepted Answer

A)   accidentally.
B)   undramatically.
C)   in the near future.
D)   one person at a time.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   framing.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

By learning to classify cats and dogs, monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   intuitions.
C)   algorithms.
D)   concepts.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments, the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick, which he then used to reach a piece of fruit. The chimpanzee appeared to display

Accepted Answer

A)   insight.
B)   a fixation.
C)   trial and error.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The value of making a good first impression when you begin work for a new employer is best underscored by the research on

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

Accepted Answer

A)   concepts.
B)   prototypes.
C)   cognition.
D)   strategy-based solutions.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   accept as logical those conclusions that agree with our own opinions.
B)   accept as logical those conclusions that disagree with our own opinions.
C)   underestimate the accuracy of our knowledge.
D)   accept as logical conclusions that involve unfamiliar concepts.E) All of the above
F) A) and C) A

Question 8

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental psychology
B)   biological psychology
C)   cognitive psychology
D)   personality psychologyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the framing effect.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   a critical period.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

A)   the framing effect.
B)   process simulation.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   algorithms.E) All of the above
F) C) and D) C

Question 11

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   rose; flower
B)   couch; bed
C)   man; woman
D)   rope; weaponE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

When forming a concept, people often develop a best example, or ________, of a category.

Accepted Answer

A)   denoter
B)   heuristic
C)   prototype
D)   algorithmE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   overconfidence.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   framing.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop

Accepted Answer

A)   concepts.
B)   mental sets.
C)   heuristics.
D)   algorithms.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithms.
B)   intuitions.
C)   heuristics.
D)   cultural diversity.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   a prototype.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

If you want to be absolutely certain that you will find the solution to a problem you know is solvable, you should use

Accepted Answer

A)   a heuristic.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   insight.
D)   trial and error.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D) B

Question 19

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   mental set.
B)   heuristic.
C)   concept.
D)   algorithm.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   trial and error.
D)   belief perseverance.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 27: Thinking

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

Correct Answer
verified

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

By learning to classify cats and dogs, monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Correct Answer
verified

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments, the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick, which he then used to reach a piece of fruit. The chimpanzee appeared to display

Correct Answer
verified

The value of making a good first impression when you begin work for a new employer is best underscored by the research on

Correct Answer
verified

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

Correct Answer
verified

A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to

Correct Answer
verified
A

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Correct Answer
verified
C

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

Correct Answer
verified

Prototype is to category as is to .

Correct Answer
verified

When forming a concept, people often develop a best example, or ________, of a category.

Correct Answer
verified

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the effect of

Correct Answer
verified

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop

Correct Answer
verified

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Correct Answer
verified

Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called

Correct Answer
verified

If you want to be absolutely certain that you will find the solution to a problem you know is solvable, you should use

Correct Answer
verified
B

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Thinking

We fear too little those events that will claim lives

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By learning to classify cats and dogs, monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments, the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick, which he then used to reach a piece of fruit. The chimpanzee appeared to display

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The value of making a good first impression when you begin work for a new employer is best underscored by the research on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When forming a concept, people often develop a best example, or ________, of a category.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the effect of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you want to be absolutely certain that you will find the solution to a problem you know is solvable, you should use

Correct AnswerverifiedB

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Prototype is to category as is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified