Question 1

A practical lesson of much conformity research is that it is easier to stand up for something if you

Accepted Answer

A)   believe the matter is trivial.
B)   do so all at once instead of paving the way with smaller actions and hints.
C)   go it alone and face the criticism independently.
D)   get someone else to stand up with you.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Based on Wilder's research, someone who wants to be student president should recruit vocal support from

Accepted Answer

A)   one large group of unanimous supporters.
B)   two or three smaller groups of unanimous supporters.
C)   someone who seems to be poor.
D)   no-one; she should ask her supporters to keep quiet.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

In a follow-up series of experiments after his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition,

Accepted Answer

A)   a majority of participants still fully obeyed the experimenter's demands.
B)   teachers were more reluctant to deliver initial shocks.
C)   learners became more real and personal to the teacher.
D)   fewer participants went to 450 volts.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D) A

Question 4

According to research, people _____ affected by the characteristics of the group; people _____ when faced with the unanimous reports of three or more attractive, high-status people.

Accepted Answer

A)   are not; confirm least
B)   are not; confirm more
C)   are; confirm most
D)   are; confirm leastE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Jodi wears slacks or jeans almost all the time, rejecting skirts and dresses as too formal and sexist. However, when she is invited to attend an honours reception, she borrows a skirt to wear so she will fit in with the other guests. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   normative social influence.
B)   self-efficacy.
C)   psychological reactance.
D)   informational social influence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Sociologist David Phillips and colleagues report that _____________ increase after well-publicized and celebrity suicides.

Accepted Answer

A)   suicides
B)   private airplane crashes
C)   fatal auto accidents
D)   all of these choicesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their

Accepted Answer

A)   sex.
B)   nationality.
C)   distinctive attributes.
D)   most common personal characteristics.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

In his classic study of __________, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room.

Accepted Answer

A)   obedience
B)   group cohesiveness
C)   norm formation
D)   psychological reactanceE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

When the influence of the situation is _________________, the consequent behaviour is likely to be a result of __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   weak; individual personalities
B)   weak; external circumstances
C)   strong; internal forces
D)   strong; dispositionsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

In spring of 1954, U.S. residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. The true cause of public concern was most likely

Accepted Answer

A)   fallout from recent Pacific testing of the H-bomb.
B)   mass suggestibility.
C)   psychological reactance.
D)   the autokinetic phenomenon.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) B

Question 11

A social psychological experiment in which the participants were present only because they were earning extra credit and completely uninterested in the experimental situation might be lacking in

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental realism.
B)   internal validity.
C)   exaggerated realism.
D)   reactivity.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

When Milgram asked psychiatrists, university students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought ________ would _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   they themselves; never begin to administer shock
B)   they themselves; disobey by about 135 volts
C)   other people; disobey by about 255 volts
D)   other people; would go all the way to 450 voltsE) None of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 13

Milgram's variation in which two "fellow participants" (actually confederates)  defied the experimenter's commands demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   conformity can be constructive.
B)   obedience to a legitimate authority is absolute.
C)   peers have little influence over an individual's likelihood of obeying a legitimate authority.
D)   obedience can be liberating.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

During the Holocaust, the first acts of compliance or resistance bred attitudes that influenced behaviour, which ______________ attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A)   strengthened
B)   weakened
C)   did not affect
D)   changedE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Going along with the crowd in order to avoid rejection is called

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional influence.
B)   normative influence.
C)   cohesion-based influence.
D)   informational influence.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the factors that have been found to significantly influence one's conformity to the group?

Accepted Answer

A)   Requiring the individual's response to be made in public
B)   Increasing the size of the group from 6 to 10 members
C)   Increasing the status of the group
D)   Having the group's agreement be unanimous rather than reflect some disagreementE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Dr. Jennings hates to wear a suit to teach his classes. Nevertheless he does so to win the approval of the senior faculty at his institution. Dr. Jennings's behaviour is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   identification.
B)   informational social influence.
C)   normative social influence.
D)   acceptance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Both Asch's conformity studies and Milgram's obedience studies illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   the power of the situation.
B)   the fact that we are cognitive misers.
C)   the prevalence of conforming personalities in American culture.
D)   all of these choices.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit, they were given

Accepted Answer

A)   shocks to keep them going.
B)   money as an incentive to keep going.
C)   up to four verbal prods to keep them going.
D)   a reward for being one of the few to disobey.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Examples such as the abuses that occurred at the Abu Ghraib prison and in Somalia by U.S. and Canadian soldiers (respectively)  demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)   all soldiers have the capacity to engage in evil behaviour.
B)   evil situations can produce evil behaviour.
C)   the moral code of the military is corrupt.
D)   obedience to authority never a good thing.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 6: Conformity

A practical lesson of much conformity research is that it is easier to stand up for something if you

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on Wilder's research, someone who wants to be student president should recruit vocal support from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a follow-up series of experiments after his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition,

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to research, people _____ affected by the characteristics of the group; people _____ when faced with the unanimous reports of three or more attractive, high-status people.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jodi wears slacks or jeans almost all the time, rejecting skirts and dresses as too formal and sexist. However, when she is invited to attend an honours reception, she borrows a skirt to wear so she will fit in with the other guests. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sociologist David Phillips and colleagues report that _____________ increase after well-publicized and celebrity suicides.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In his classic study of __________, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the influence of the situation is _________________, the consequent behaviour is likely to be a result of __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In spring of 1954, U.S. residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. The true cause of public concern was most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A social psychological experiment in which the participants were present only because they were earning extra credit and completely uninterested in the experimental situation might be lacking in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Milgram asked psychiatrists, university students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought ________ would _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Milgram's variation in which two "fellow participants" (actually confederates) defied the experimenter's commands demonstrates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the Holocaust, the first acts of compliance or resistance bred attitudes that influenced behaviour, which ______________ attitudes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Going along with the crowd in order to avoid rejection is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not one of the factors that have been found to significantly influence one's conformity to the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Jennings hates to wear a suit to teach his classes. Nevertheless he does so to win the approval of the senior faculty at his institution. Dr. Jennings's behaviour is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Asch's conformity studies and Milgram's obedience studies illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit, they were given

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examples such as the abuses that occurred at the Abu Ghraib prison and in Somalia by U.S. and Canadian soldiers (respectively) demonstrate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

According to research, people _ affected by the characteristics of the group; people _ when faced with the unanimous reports of three or more attractive, high-status people.

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When the influence of the situation is _, the consequent behaviour is likely to be a result of __.

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B

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When Milgram asked psychiatrists, university students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought __ would _.

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B

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