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Which of the following is true of the analysis of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis?


A) Larger DNA fragments move slowly and remain closer to the wells.
B) DNA has an overall negative charge and moves to the positive pole.
C) DNA fragments are stained to visualize them.
D) An electric current through the gel causes DNA fragments to migrate.
E) All of these choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The enzyme___ adds nucleotides of DNA in the ___direction when DNA is being semi-conservatively replicated.


A) DNA polymerase III, 3'→ 5'
B) DNA polymerase I, 3'→ 5'
C) DNA polymerase III, 5'→ 3'
D) DNA polymerase I, 5'→ 3'

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragments is


A) genetic engineering.
B) biotechnology.
C) recombinant DNA.
D) gel electrophoresis.
E) gene probes.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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The fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH) probes are applied to intact cells and observed microscopically for the presence and location of


A) DNA.
B) RNA.
C) proteins.
D) recombinant DNA.
E) specific genetic marker sequence on genes.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Although originally discovered in bacteria as a defense against bacteriophage infection, the CRISPR/Cas gene editing system can be used to edit the genome of any cell, whether microbial, plant, fungal, or animal.

A) True
B) False

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Transgenic animals are _____ modified organisms.

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All of the following are characteristics that make plids good cloning vectors, except


A) they are small.
B) they are well characterized.
C) they can be transferred into appropriate host cells.
D) they can carry genetic markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes.
E) they can accept a relatively large amount of foreign DNA.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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One of the first uses of DNA fingerprinting was in _________ medicine.

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After 3 replication cycles in PCR, there will be a total of 4 double-stranded DNA molecules.

A) True
B) False

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When patient tissues are transfected with viruses carrying a needed, normal human gene, the technique is called


A) cloning.
B) gene therapy.
C) antisense therapeutic.
D) DNA fingerprinting.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Two different nucleic acids can _____ by uniting at their complementary sites.

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Transgenic animals


A) can be engineered to become factories for manufacturing proteins.
B) are often obtained from germ line engineering.
C) will pass the genes on to their offspring.
D) commonly include mice.
E) All of these choices are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Restriction endonucleases are obtained from various species of bacteria.

A) True
B) False

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