Question 1

According to the Premack principle, if a teenager would rather go shopping than clean her room:

Accepted Answer

A)   her desire to clean her room will be increased by restricting her access to going shopping.
B)   her desire to go shopping will be increased by restricting her access to cleaning her room.
C)   allowing her to go shopping could be used as a reward for cleaning her room.
D)   cleaning her room could be used as a reward for going shopping.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Children may misbehave in order to get the attention that is associated with being punished. In this example, the attention serves as _____ for misbehavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement
B)   positive reinforcement
C)   negative punishment
D)   positive punishmentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

A person has been working for 2 years and was told that he would receive a $2.00 raise and only received 25 cents. The _____ is responsible for reducing the motivation in this time of situation.

Accepted Answer

A)   dACC
B)   negative construct
C)   insular cortex
D)   orbitofrontal cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

If a little boy can hear his mother moving around in the kitchen downstairs in the morning, he can be fairly certain that it is time to get up and have his breakfast. The discriminative stimulus in this example is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   breakfast.
B)   sounds of his mother moving around.
C)   little boy.
D)   kitchen.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

If an individual is restricted from performing a specific behavior, in an attempt to make an opportunity to perform this behavior more enticing, the use of the restricted behavior as a reinforcer is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   free-operant paradigm.
B)   response deprivation.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   classical conditioning.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Suppose one's roommate has gotten into the bad habit of talking whenever the roommate is trying to study. The roommate decides to ignore this habit. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   distancing.
C)   reinforcement of alternative behaviors.
D)   delayed reinforcement.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Suppose a child whines continuously until his parents give him a cookie. The cookie would be _____ of the child's behavior of whining.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement
B)   positive punishment
C)   negative reinforcement
D)   negative punishmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Accepted Answer

A)   giving candy to a whining child
B)   grounding a teenager for staying out too late
C)   giving a child $1 for doing well on a spelling test
D)   taking a painkiller to get rid of a headacheE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The correct answer is ...

Question 10

Carlita used to get nervous whenever she has to travel by airplane. Recently, her friend taught Carlita some deep-breathing techniques to help her relax. Carlita tried them out and felt much better when she next flew. Now, she always does deep breathing exercises before she flies. Is this an example of classical or operant conditioning? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: This is oper...

Question 11

Give an example of a secondary reinforcer, and explain how it might be related to a primary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: One example ...

Question 12

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the striatum?

Accepted Answer

A)   the nueral cortex
B)   the orbitofrontal cortex
C)   the substantia nigra pars compacta
D)   the ventral tegmental areaE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)   money
B)   praises
C)   grades
D)   foodE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Discuss the evidence suggesting that dopamine is involved in reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: (1) Primary and second...

Question 15

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box, the stimulus (S)  was _____ and the response (R)  was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   their movements that opened the door; escaping and getting food
B)   escaping and getting food; the box
C)   the box; their movements that opened the door
D)   escaping and getting food; their movements that opened the doorE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Accepted Answer

A)   have been shown to be ineffective in treating addictions.
B)   have been shown to be effective for the short-term treatment of addictions.
C)   seem to be effective for treating behavioral addictions but not drug addictions.
D)   seem to be effective for treating drug addictions but not behavioral addictions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

If a pigeon is allowed to peck at the switch in order to receive food whenever it chooses, this is an example of which type of paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A)   learning
B)   free-operant
C)   operational conditioning
D)   discrete trialE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Normally, Francis's children must go to bed at 8 p.m. But when grandma visits, the children are allowed to stay up late if they ask. Identify the stimulus, response, and outcome in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: S-...

Question 19

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Accepted Answer

A)   food.
B)   sex.
C)   secondary reinforcers.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which statement demonstrates the use of a token economy to encourage good behavior in school children?

Accepted Answer

A)   giving children praise whenever they are behaving well
B)   making children stay after school when they misbehave
C)   awarding children successively more privileges for longer periods of good behavior
D)   awarding children points for good behavior, which they can exchange at the end of the day for small toysE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Normally, Francis's children must go to bed at 8 p.m. But when grandma visits, the children are allowed to stay up late if they ask. Identify the stimulus, response, and outcome in this scenario.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: S-...
View Answer

If a pigeon is allowed to peck at the switch in order to receive food whenever it chooses, this is an example of which type of paradigm?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose one's roommate has gotten into the bad habit of talking whenever the roommate is trying to study. The roommate decides to ignore this habit. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box, the stimulus (S) was _ and the response (R) was _.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement demonstrates the use of a token economy to encourage good behavior in school children?

Correct Answer
verified

If a little boy can hear his mother moving around in the kitchen downstairs in the morning, he can be fairly certain that it is time to get up and have his breakfast. The discriminative stimulus in this example is the:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Premack principle, if a teenager would rather go shopping than clean her room:

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss the evidence suggesting that dopamine is involved in reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: (1) Primary and second...
View Answer

Children may misbehave in order to get the attention that is associated with being punished. In this example, the attention serves as _____ for misbehavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose a child whines continuously until his parents give him a cookie. The cookie would be _____ of the child's behavior of whining.

Correct Answer
verified

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: The correct answer is ...
View Answer

A person has been working for 2 years and was told that he would receive a $2.00 raise and only received 25 cents. The _____ is responsible for reducing the motivation in this time of situation.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

Give an example of a secondary reinforcer, and explain how it might be related to a primary reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: One example ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: This is oper...
View Answer

If an individual is restricted from performing a specific behavior, in an attempt to make an opportunity to perform this behavior more enticing, the use of the restricted behavior as a reinforcer is known as:

Correct Answer
verified

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the striatum?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Normally, Francis's children must go to bed at 8 p.m. But when grandma visits, the children are allowed to stay up late if they ask. Identify the stimulus, response, and outcome in this scenario.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: S-...View AnswerShow Answer

If a pigeon is allowed to peck at the switch in order to receive food whenever it chooses, this is an example of which type of paradigm?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose one's roommate has gotten into the bad habit of talking whenever the roommate is trying to study. The roommate decides to ignore this habit. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box, the stimulus (S) was _____ and the response (R) was _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement demonstrates the use of a token economy to encourage good behavior in school children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a little boy can hear his mother moving around in the kitchen downstairs in the morning, he can be fairly certain that it is time to get up and have his breakfast. The discriminative stimulus in this example is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Premack principle, if a teenager would rather go shopping than clean her room:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the evidence suggesting that dopamine is involved in reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: (1) Primary and second...View AnswerShow Answer

Children may misbehave in order to get the attention that is associated with being punished. In this example, the attention serves as _____ for misbehavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a child whines continuously until his parents give him a cookie. The cookie would be _____ of the child's behavior of whining.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: The correct answer is ...View AnswerShow Answer

A person has been working for 2 years and was told that he would receive a $2.00 raise and only received 25 cents. The _____ is responsible for reducing the motivation in this time of situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give an example of a secondary reinforcer, and explain how it might be related to a primary reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: One example ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: This is oper...View AnswerShow Answer

If an individual is restricted from performing a specific behavior, in an attempt to make an opportunity to perform this behavior more enticing, the use of the restricted behavior as a reinforcer is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the striatum?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: S-...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box, the stimulus (S) was _ and the response (R) was _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: (1) Primary and second...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: The correct answer is ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: One example ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: This is oper...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified