Question 1

The study of primate vocal communication

Accepted Answer

A)   has been used to understand the language evolution of all primates.
B)   has resulted in chimps and gorillas demonstrating an ability to speak.
C)   can give us insights into the selective pressures that may have shaped the evolution of language.
D)   demonstrates that gossip is not exclusively human.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Natural selection generally favors behaviors that

Accepted Answer

A)   increase body size.
B)   increase brain size.
C)   limit population size.
D)   enhance survival and reproduction.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Distribution, in reference to food, means the

Accepted Answer

A)   location of food across the landscape.
B)   distribution of primates in a primate group as they forage for food.
C)   distribution of food among primates in a group.
D)   adjustment in size of a feeding group.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

How do primates communicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   through a system of adaptation that varies among social groups
B)   through the use of symbols
C)   through speech learned from primatologists
D)   through vocalization and nonvocal gestures that serve a range of functions and contextsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Altruistic behavior benefits others while being a disadvantage to the altruistic individual.Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why it exists in primate societies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Altruistic behavior is not directed randomly but toward related individuals.
B)   Altruistic behavior is an example of kin selection.
C)   Altruistic behavior is likely to be observed in groups where there is high genetic relatedness among individuals.
D)   Altruistic behavior is the random effect of living in a complex social species.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Why are primates social?

Accepted Answer

Generally primates that cooperate in soc...

Question 7

Diversity in primate societies means that primates

Accepted Answer

A)   express themselves socially through a wide range of behaviors.
B)   encompass a variety of species with similar behaviors.
C)   can be classified into particular species exhibiting one type of behavior.
D)   are just as diverse in their behavior as are humans.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Predator-specific vocalizations in Diana monkeys vary based on

Accepted Answer

A)   the type of predator and the predator's attack strategy.
B)   conditioning in the lab by primatologists.
C)   emotional impulses produced randomly and involuntarily.
D)   individual factors, as in humans.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Quality, in reference to food, refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   location of food sources.
B)   ability to acquire food.
C)   storage of food for future consumption.
D)   amount of energy and protein a food provides.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

One of the most important rain forest predators, attacking a wide range of different primates, is the monkey-eating eagle.We know this because

Accepted Answer

A)   hundreds of primate bones have been found in eagle nests, allowing the study of which primates eagles prefer to hunt.
B)   all forest primates have an identical alarm call that means, essentially, "Eagle!"
C)   large forest eagles have markings that make them look like monkeys, so they can get very close to their intended prey.
D)   in captivity, when presented with a monkey versus other possible food, the eagles almost always go for the monkey.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

How do primates acquire food?

Accepted Answer

A)   through cooperation among kin groups, mostly by hunting
B)   through a wide variety of food-foraging strategies
C)   through a limited set of highly specialized foraging strategies
D)   through the use of highly developed material cultureE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Describe some examples of learned behavior and cultural traditions among primates.

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzee tool use, some forms of socia...

Question 13

Altruistic behavior

Accepted Answer

A)   is that which benefits others while causing a disadvantage to the individual.
B)   occurs only between primates that are unrelated.
C)   is not a beneficial evolutionary adaptation.
D)   is not an advantage of cooperation within a society.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Sexual selection is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the physical competition for access to females.
B)   the competition for resources to access females.
C)   natural selection in one sex caused by a trait's attractiveness to members of theOpposite sex.
D)   selection of males by females on the basis of disposition, physical appearance, and hierarchical position.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Three key factors that contribute to a female primate's success at feeding are

Accepted Answer

A)   speed, agility, and strength.
B)   source, quantity, and safety.
C)   quality, distribution, and availability of food.
D)   cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

One group of primates has a body size dimorphism index of about 1.3 and a relative canine size index of about 1.3.For gorillas, these numbers are about 1.6 and 1.4.For gibbons, these numbers are close to 1.What is the MOST likely group composition of the observed group of primates?

Accepted Answer

A)   single male
B)   monogamous pair
C)   multimale
D)   solitaryE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

What is special about primate societies and social behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are not diverse.
B)   They welcome newcomers as humans do.
C)   They are highly diverse.
D)   They share and cooperate as humans do not.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Variation in predator-specific vocalizations in the monkeys of the Tai Forest includes

Accepted Answer

A)   stress calls between kin only.
B)   mating calls between dominant primates only.
C)   two different alarm calls indicating another group of chimpanzees or humans.
D)   two different loud alarm calls in response to predators, aerial and terrestrial.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Polyandrous residence patterns represent

Accepted Answer

A)   a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females.
B)   one of the most common patterns in prosimians and Old World monkeys.
C)   a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities.
D)   a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Primatologists

Accepted Answer

A)   explore the relationships between specific social behaviors and reproductive fitness.
B)   study only physical aspect of primates.
C)   study cultural anthropology.
D)   know nothing of primate bones.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 7: Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

One group of primates has a body size dimorphism index of about 1.3 and a relative canine size index of about 1.3.For gorillas, these numbers are about 1.6 and 1.4.For gibbons, these numbers are close to 1.What is the MOST likely group composition of the observed group of primates?

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Altruistic behavior

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Sexual selection is best defined as

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Three key factors that contribute to a female primate's success at feeding are

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Diversity in primate societies means that primates

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Quality, in reference to food, refers to the

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One of the most important rain forest predators, attacking a wide range of different primates, is the monkey-eating eagle.We know this because

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How do primates communicate?

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Variation in predator-specific vocalizations in the monkeys of the Tai Forest includes

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Why are primates social?

Correct AnswerverifiedGenerally primates that cooperate in soc...View AnswerShow Answer

Predator-specific vocalizations in Diana monkeys vary based on

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How do primates acquire food?

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Describe some examples of learned behavior and cultural traditions among primates.

Correct AnswerverifiedChimpanzee tool use, some forms of socia...View AnswerShow Answer

Natural selection generally favors behaviors that

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Altruistic behavior benefits others while being a disadvantage to the altruistic individual.Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why it exists in primate societies?

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The study of primate vocal communication

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What is special about primate societies and social behavior?

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Distribution, in reference to food, means the

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Primatologists

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Polyandrous residence patterns represent

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Generally primates that cooperate in soc...
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Chimpanzee tool use, some forms of socia...
View Answer

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