Question 1

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   predicting that someone will become deviant at some point in the future.
B)   delinquent children growing into criminal adults.
C)   defining someone as deviant for things done long before.
D)   interpreting someone's past as consistent with present deviance.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

Accepted Answer

A)   very few people experience an "unsuccessful socialization."
B)   there has been very little research of this kind.
C)   there is no way to distinguish "normal" from "abnormal" people in psychological terms.
D)   most people who commit crimes have normal personalities.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Participating in the subculture that Elijah Anderson describes as "the code of the street" raises the risk that young people will end up

Accepted Answer

A)   conforming to conventional morality.
B)   in jail or worse.
C)   doing better than their parents.
D)   having a career in law enforcement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to control deviant impulses. They called their approach

Accepted Answer

A)   containment theory.
B)   differential opportunity theory.
C)   differential association theory.
D)   personality theory.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

Accepted Answer

A)   the act and the intent
B)   a criminal and a victim
C)   the act and the social harm
D)   the law and the violationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Surveys show that about_______ of U.S. adults support the death penalty as a punishment for murder.

Accepted Answer

A)   12 percent
B)   22 percent
C)   42 percent
D)   62 percentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that

Accepted Answer

A)   our society does far too little to treat mentally ill people.
B)   mental illness is a myth; "insanity" amounts to differences that bother other people.
C)   most people in the United States have been or will become insane for some period of time.
D)   deviance is only what people label as deviant.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system?

Accepted Answer

A)   retreatism
B)   rebellion
C)   innovation
D)   ritualismE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Every society regulates the thoughts and behavior of individuals. This process of regulation is called

Accepted Answer

A)   social control.
B)   childhood socialization.
C)   neighborhood watch.
D)   the legal system.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

In the United States, men account for about_______ of all arrests for violent crime.

Accepted Answer

A)   82 percent
B)   62 percent
C)   42 percent
D)   22 percentE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

When friends began to criticize Juan as a "boozer," pushing him out of their social circle, he became bitter and began to drink even more. Juan ended up joining a new group of friends, all of whom are all heavy drinkers. According to Edwin Lemert, this situation illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the onset of primary deviance.
B)   the onset of secondary deviance.
C)   the formation of a deviant subculture.
D)   the process of retreatism.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)   young people who respect their parents and try to please them
B)   youngsters who "hang out" on the corner waiting for something to happen
C)   teenage athletes with after-school jobs
D)   students enrolled in collegeE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Organized crime refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   illegal actions by people with white-collar jobs.
B)   illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business.
C)   crime involving cooperation between two or more large businesses.
D)   any business that supplies illegal goods or services.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Robert Merton claimed that the "strains of masculinity" are one important cause of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that

Accepted Answer

A)   powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant.
B)   deviance has both functions and dysfunctions.
C)   deviance exists only in the eye of the beholder.
D)   society should ignore victimless crime.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot take time to ensure due process for suspects.
B)   use personal judgment in deciding which situations warrant their attention.
C)   ignore most crimes they learn about.
D)   work, on average, far more hours than other workers.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. The sentence reflects a policy called

Accepted Answer

A)   parole.
B)   rehabilitation.
C)   shock probation.
D)   extended lockup.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following sociological terms refers to the recognized violation of cultural norms?

Accepted Answer

A)   crime
B)   juvenile delinquency
C)   unsuccessful socialization
D)   devianceE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The only Western, high-income nation that routinely executes offenders convicted of serious crimes is

Accepted Answer

A)   the United Kingdom.
B)   Canada.
C)   the United States.
D)   France.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Deviance

Every society regulates the thoughts and behavior of individuals. This process of regulation is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When friends began to criticize Juan as a "boozer," pushing him out of their social circle, he became bitter and began to drink even more. Juan ended up joining a new group of friends, all of whom are all heavy drinkers. According to Edwin Lemert, this situation illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participating in the subculture that Elijah Anderson describes as "the code of the street" raises the risk that young people will end up

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organized crime refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. The sentence reflects a policy called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Surveys show that about_______ of U.S. adults support the death penalty as a punishment for murder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robert Merton claimed that the "strains of masculinity" are one important cause of crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only Western, high-income nation that routinely executes offenders convicted of serious crimes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sociological terms refers to the recognized violation of cultural norms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States, men account for about_______ of all arrests for violent crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to control deviant impulses. They called their approach

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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