Question 1

John is the CEO of a large bank who is charged with fraud. John pays $13 billion to settle the case, and he does not go to jail. Andy is arrested for stealing money out of a parked car. Andy spends a month in jail while waiting for his trial since he is unable to pay his bail or bond. John and Andy exemplify the perspective of

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalists like Émile Durkheim.
B)   symbolic interactionists like Edwin Sutherland.
C)   label theorists like Howard Becker.
D)   conflict theorists like Richard Quinney.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Martha Stewart was convicted of obstruction of justice after lying to the FBI during an investigation of her sale of a stock that dramatically fell in value immediately after she sold it. Her conviction was unusual, as this sort of white collar crime is much more likely to be dealt with in civil, rather than criminal, court. How does the tendency to deal with white collar criminals in civil court bias our understanding of the demographics of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)   It causes us to underestimate the number of property crimes committed each year.
B)   It encourages us to equate cash register honesty with real honesty.
C)   It leads us to overestimate the relationship between poverty and crime.
D)   It creates a false relationship between gender and crime.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Hate crimes targeting Arab Americans and those mistakenly identified as Arab increased after Arab identity became stigmatized. What sort of stigma was this?

Accepted Answer

A)   moral
B)   symbolic
C)   religious
D)   tribalE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

There are usually serious consequences when a politician is caught cheating on his spouse. In some cases, the politician is forced to resign from office when his constituents express their unhappiness with such behavior. According to Émile Durkheim, what function does this reaction serve?

Accepted Answer

A)   It helps to deter politicians from cheating in the future.
B)   It helps to clarify moral boundaries and reinforce the idea that marital infidelity is wrong.
C)   The public outcry helps rehabilitate the offender so he won't cheat in the future.
D)   It helps protect the family members of the politician from scrutiny and media coverage.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Robert Merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance occurs. What is the cause of the strain suggested by the name of the theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   strain between deviant and nondeviant citizens
B)   strain between social norms that are codified in laws and those that are not
C)   strain between different value systems within a society
D)   strain between socially approved goals and the means of achieving themE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

What do changing societies and different groups gaining access to power do to our perception of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Changing societies and different groups ...

Question 7

An individual who works at a bookstore routinely takes home ballpoint pens and Post-it notes, uses the copy machine to make personal copies, and makes long-distance phone calls on the store's line. However, he would never consider stealing money from the cash register even if he knew he could get away with it. What is this behavior called?

Accepted Answer

A)   stigmatizing
B)   pilfering
C)   self-fulfilling property
D)   criminologyE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

In the United States, the ________ is made up of legislatures, the police, courts, and prisons.

Accepted Answer

A)   full state system
B)   uniform crime report (UCR) 
C)   positive deviance
D)   criminal justice systemE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The United States has more inmates than any other country in the world today, even though prisons were not introduced as a method of punishment until the nineteenth century. Who is benefiting financially from the incarceration of so many inmates?

Accepted Answer

Prisons are expensive to run because the...

Question 10

How do sociologists define positive deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)   deviance that relates to a criminal record
B)   deviance that actively harms someone physically
C)   actions initially considered deviant, but later deemed appropriate
D)   the acts that come with secondary devianceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Although the term often references race, which of the following is also an example of "passing"?

Accepted Answer

A)   A Jewish man attends church with his Christian wife.
B)   An overweight person embraces his body type.
C)   A man with wrist scars from an attempted suicide covers them by wearing long sleeves, even in the summer.
D)   A man who doesn't drink goes to a bar for a social event.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

How do self-fulfilling prophecies work?

Accepted Answer

A)   We respond not only to the objective features of a situation but also to its meaning. Once meaning has been assigned to our behavior, the consequences of that behavior are determined by the meaning.
B)   We learn to be deviant through our interactions with others who break the rules.
C)   We tend to respond to the physical and social marks that discredit our identities and leave us vulnerable to negative social judgments.
D)   Our social locations are a crucial factor in determining how others see us; therefore, social status is the most important determinant of deviance.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Erving Goffman's concept of passing should only be applied to race.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people, mostly teenage boys, steal the orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones. Why does this sort of deviance happen, according to Jack Katz?

Accepted Answer

A)   The thieves find these items aesthetically appealing, but they do not know where to buy them.
B)   The thieves are afflicted with a psychological disorder like kleptomania, which compels them to steal.
C)   The thieves are usually planning on reselling the materials on the black market.
D)   This sort of deviance produces a thrill and excitement.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

A citizen group sends letters to the governor of a southern state and asks her to reconsider stopping the execution of a man on death row convicted of murdering a police officer. The governor declines, stating that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to remove this convicted murderer from society so that everyone else can be protected. What type of justification for punishment is used by the governor?

Accepted Answer

A)   retribution
B)   rehabilitation
C)   deterrence
D)   incapacitationE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Chapter 6 describes several ways in which the Uniform Crime Report may present an inaccurate picture of the demographics of crime. Describe the sources of bias that lead to these inaccuracies. Are these biases better explained by conflict theory or functionalism? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

Class, race, and age bias the Uniform Cr...

Question 17

For Robert Merton, a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made is a

Accepted Answer

A)   defining prophecy.
B)   Thomas prediction.
C)   self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)   labeling prophecy.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

A woman attributes her teenage son's deviant behavior to him "falling in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation MOST closely resemble?

Accepted Answer

A)   differential association
B)   labeling theory
C)   self-fulfilling prophecy
D)   structural strain theoryE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines like California's controversial "three strikes" law?

Accepted Answer

A)   deterrence of future crimes
B)   rehabilitation of criminals
C)   retribution for crimes
D)   reform of individual criminalsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Why does Elijah Anderson, in his book Streetwise, argue that young African American men are more likely to be arrested?

Accepted Answer

A)   They commit more flagrant crimes.
B)   They are more likely to engage in deviant behavior.
C)   They are more likely to be poor.
D)   They are perceived as more criminal than others.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Deviance

What do changing societies and different groups gaining access to power do to our perception of deviance?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Changing societies and different groups ...
View Answer

Hate crimes targeting Arab Americans and those mistakenly identified as Arab increased after Arab identity became stigmatized. What sort of stigma was this?

Correct Answer
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Robert Merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance occurs. What is the cause of the strain suggested by the name of the theory?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

How do sociologists define positive deviance?

Correct Answer
verified

There are usually serious consequences when a politician is caught cheating on his spouse. In some cases, the politician is forced to resign from office when his constituents express their unhappiness with such behavior. According to Émile Durkheim, what function does this reaction serve?

Correct Answer
verified

For Robert Merton, a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made is a

Correct Answer
verified

Erving Goffman's concept of passing should only be applied to race.

Correct Answer
verified

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people, mostly teenage boys, steal the orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones. Why does this sort of deviance happen, according to Jack Katz?

Correct Answer
verified

Chapter 6 describes several ways in which the Uniform Crime Report may present an inaccurate picture of the demographics of crime. Describe the sources of bias that lead to these inaccuracies. Are these biases better explained by conflict theory or functionalism? Justify your answer.

Correct Answer
verified
Class, race, and age bias the Uniform Cr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

A woman attributes her teenage son's deviant behavior to him "falling in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation MOST closely resemble?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The United States has more inmates than any other country in the world today, even though prisons were not introduced as a method of punishment until the nineteenth century. Who is benefiting financially from the incarceration of so many inmates?

Correct Answer
verified
Prisons are expensive to run because the...
View Answer

In the United States, the ________ is made up of legislatures, the police, courts, and prisons.

Correct Answer
verified

How do self-fulfilling prophecies work?

Correct Answer
verified

Why does Elijah Anderson, in his book Streetwise, argue that young African American men are more likely to be arrested?

Correct Answer
verified

Although the term often references race, which of the following is also an example of "passing"?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines like California's controversial "three strikes" law?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Deviance

What do changing societies and different groups gaining access to power do to our perception of deviance?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIChanging societies and different groups ...View AnswerShow Answer

Hate crimes targeting Arab Americans and those mistakenly identified as Arab increased after Arab identity became stigmatized. What sort of stigma was this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robert Merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance occurs. What is the cause of the strain suggested by the name of the theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do sociologists define positive deviance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are usually serious consequences when a politician is caught cheating on his spouse. In some cases, the politician is forced to resign from office when his constituents express their unhappiness with such behavior. According to Émile Durkheim, what function does this reaction serve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For Robert Merton, a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Erving Goffman's concept of passing should only be applied to race.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people, mostly teenage boys, steal the orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones. Why does this sort of deviance happen, according to Jack Katz?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chapter 6 describes several ways in which the Uniform Crime Report may present an inaccurate picture of the demographics of crime. Describe the sources of bias that lead to these inaccuracies. Are these biases better explained by conflict theory or functionalism? Justify your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedClass, race, and age bias the Uniform Cr...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman attributes her teenage son's deviant behavior to him "falling in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation MOST closely resemble?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The United States has more inmates than any other country in the world today, even though prisons were not introduced as a method of punishment until the nineteenth century. Who is benefiting financially from the incarceration of so many inmates?

Correct AnswerverifiedPrisons are expensive to run because the...View AnswerShow Answer

In the United States, the ________ is made up of legislatures, the police, courts, and prisons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do self-fulfilling prophecies work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does Elijah Anderson, in his book Streetwise, argue that young African American men are more likely to be arrested?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the term often references race, which of the following is also an example of "passing"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the justification for harsh sentencing guidelines like California's controversial "three strikes" law?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Changing societies and different groups ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Class, race, and age bias the Uniform Cr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Prisons are expensive to run because the...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified