Question 1

Visual angle is a measure of the

Accepted Answer

A)   actual size of an object.
B)   perceived size of an object.
C)   angle between the observer and an object.
D)   object's contrast divided by its spatial frequency.
E)   size an object takes up on the retina.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to low contrast images.
B)   The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the stripes, and they are attracted to high contrast images.
C)   The infant's visual acuity is too low to perceive the stripes, but they do not like to look at gray squares.
D)   The infant's visual acuity is high enough that they can perceive the gray square, and they are repelled by gray squares.
E)   You can't learn anything about infant perception based on where they like to look.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

A _______ is a 1-mm block of striate cortex containing two sets of columns, each covering every possible orientation (0-180 degrees) , with one set preferring input from the left eye and the other set preferring input from the right eye.

Accepted Answer

A)   V1 module
B)   hypercolumn
C)   CO blob
D)   simple cell
E)   complex cellF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 4

The right visual field projects to the _______ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _______ hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A)   left; left
B)   left; right
C)   right; left
D)   right; right
E)   upper; lowerF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   constant stimulation.
B)   response decrease.
C)   adaptation.
D)   accommodation.
E)   convergence.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   contrast.
B)   definition.
C)   visual angle.
D)   surround.
E)   brightness.F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by

Accepted Answer

A)   adapting to a pattern of a given orientation.
B)   changing the direction of gaze.
C)   tilting the head.
D)   constantly moving the head.
E)   spinning in circles for 30 seconds.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 8

The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two

Accepted Answer

A)   magnocellular layers.
B)   parvocellular layers.
C)   cortexes.
D)   koniocellular layers.
E)   lateral geniculate nuclei.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Why do vision scientists study sine wave gratings?

Accepted Answer

One reason is that sine wave gratings co...

Question 10

Refer to the figure.
 The retinal ganglion cell pictured here would respond most strongly to which of the phases of the sine wave grating?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   The ganglion cell would respond equally well to all of these.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   spatial frequency.
B)   spatial selection.
C)   orientation tuning.
D)   cortical magnification.
E)   orientation agnosia.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

The _______ function describes how spatial frequency and contrast interact to make a grating more or less visible.

Accepted Answer

A)   spatial frequency
B)   contrast sensitivity
C)   spatial layout
D)   grating positioning
E)   visual angleF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

_______ is an enzyme used to reveal the regular array of CO blobs, which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart in the primary visual cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chromophore
B)   Rhodopsin
C)   Cytochrome oxidase
D)   Carbon dioxide
E)   Carbon monoxideF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

The distance required for one full cycle of a repeating waveform is its

Accepted Answer

A)   phase.
B)   sign.
C)   amplitude.
D)   wavelength.
E)   angle.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

Accepted Answer

A)   phase.
B)   spatial frequency.
C)   amplitude.
D)   wavelength.
E)   angle.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Scientists study contrast sensitivity for sine wave gratings because

Accepted Answer

A)   patterns of stripes with fuzzy boundaries are common in the real world.
B)   the eye is especially sensitive to sine wave gratings.
C)   sine wave gratings involve no shadows.
D)   sine wave gratings are easy to study.
E)   contrast sensitivity is easy to study.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Topographical mapping is the

Accepted Answer

A)   layout of the brain.
B)   guide to the structures of the brain.
C)   orderly mapping of the world in the LGN and visual cortex.
D)   simultaneous mapping of two objects in the visual system.
E)   mapping of gyri and sulci in the brain.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

In a line drawing of an object, which spatial frequencies are least represented?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low frequencies
B)   High frequencies
C)   Horizontal frequencies
D)   Vertical frequencies
E)   Diagonal frequenciesF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low frequencies
B)   High frequencies
C)   Horizontal frequencies
D)   Vertical frequencies
E)   Diagonal frequenciesF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Which object would have the most neurons responding to it in striate cortex, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)   An object in the periphery, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea.
B)   An object in the periphery, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery.
C)   An object in the fovea, because the periphery has greater cortical magnification than the fovea.
D)   An object in the fovea, because the fovea has greater cortical magnification than the periphery.
E)   An object in the periphery, because objects in the fovea are not processed by the striate cortex.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Exam 3: Spatial Vision: From Spots to Stripes

Why do vision scientists study sine wave gratings?

Correct AnswerverifiedOne reason is that sine wave gratings co...View AnswerShow Answer

Visual angle is a measure of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The distance required for one full cycle of a repeating waveform is its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Topographical mapping is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a movie projector is out of focus and the images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a line drawing of an object, which spatial frequencies are least represented?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an infant looks longer at a striped square than a gray square, what does that indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______ function describes how spatial frequency and contrast interact to make a grating more or less visible.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a referee's uniform, the number of white and black stripes per inch could be considered its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists study contrast sensitivity for sine wave gratings because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _______ is a 1-mm block of striate cortex containing two sets of columns, each covering every possible orientation (0-180 degrees) , with one set preferring input from the left eye and the other set preferring input from the right eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which object would have the most neurons responding to it in striate cortex, and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diminishing response of a sense organ to a sustained stimulus is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is an enzyme used to reveal the regular array of CO blobs, which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart in the primary visual cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure. The retinal ganglion cell pictured here would respond most strongly to which of the phases of the sine wave grating?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The right visual field projects to the _______ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _______ hemisphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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One reason is that sine wave gratings co...
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The right visual field projects to the _ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _ hemisphere.

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