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A radula is present in members of which clade(s) ?


A) chitons
B) bivalves
C) gastropods
D) cephalopods
E) both chitons and gastropods

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The great success of insects on land can be attributed to which key adaptation?


A) the ability to fly
B) jointed appendages allowing quick movement
C) the ability to undergo metamorphosis
D) large variation in different kinds of appendages
E) the ability to eat both plants and animals

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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A sponge's structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the


A) pore cells.
B) epidermal cells.
C) choanocytes.
D) amoebocytes.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. -The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of


A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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If the teacher had used a dissecting microscope to examine the outer surfaces of the empty bivalve shells, the teacher would probably have seen marks that had been left by


A) jaws.
B) nematocysts.
C) tubefeet.
D) a lophophore.
E) a madreporite.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share


A) a mantle.
B) a radula.
C) gills.
D) embryonic torsion.
E) distinct cephalization.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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If the teacher had wanted to demonstrate that some invertebrates possess a closed circulatory system, the teacher should have removed and dissected a


A) mollusc.
B) sea star.
C) shrimp.
D) polychaete.
E) parrotfish.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The organ(s) of respiratory gas exchange in oligochaetes is (are)


A) parapodia.
B) gills.
C) the skin.
D) book lungs.
E) pairs of hollow bristles.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. -Which human profession is most analogous to the lifestyle of the sea slugs described in this scenario?


A) physician
B) pirate
C) pharmacist
D) plumber
E) painter

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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In the lab, you are comparing several insect species that undergo metamorphosis. In incomplete metamorphosis, the juveniles look like small adults, while in complete metamorphosis, the different larval stages look completely different from the adults. Both types of insect groups are successful and well-adapted to their environments. -Can you think of a potential advantage of complete metamorphosis?


A) It takes longer for the young to develop, giving them more time to grow.
B) Different larval stages confuse predators.
C) Young eat different foods than adults, which decreases competition between offspring and adults.
D) The early larval stages go dormant when environmental conditions aren't optimal.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from university. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles. -Sarah noticed the presence of many empty exoskeletons attached to emergent vegetation. These exoskeletons looked exactly like those of the largest of the "mystery organism" she had seen in the pond. They also looked similar to the bodies of the dragonflies that patrolled the surface of the pond. If Sarah had learned a lot from her biology class, what should she have concluded about the mysterious pond organisms?


A) They are larval dragonflies, destined to undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
B) They are larval dragonflies, destined to undergo complete metamorphosis.
C) They are adult dragonflies, so old that they can no longer fly, have fallen into the pond, but have not yet drowned.
D) They are adult dragonflies that must, like many amphibian species, return to water in order to mate.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A student observes a wormlike organism crawling about on dead organic matter. Later, the organism sheds its outer covering. One possibility is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot) . However, it might be a member of the phylum ________, and one way to distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for ________.


A) Platyhelminthes; a cuticle of chitin
B) Nematoda; an alimentary canal
C) Annelida; a body cavity
D) Nematoda; a circulatory system
E) Annelida; muscle in the body wall

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of


A) spiders.
B) insects.
C) centipedes.
D) millipedes.
E) crustaceans.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from university. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles. -From this description, one can conclude that the organisms that have caught Sarah's attention are


A) insects.
B) crustaceans.
C) aquatic spiders.
D) myriapods.
E) eurypterids.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features?


A) use of fluid in the body cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton
B) ecdysis
C) presence of a circulatory system
D) presence of segmentation
E) absence of species with parasitic lifestyles

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which chemical is synthesized by some sponges and acts as an antibiotic?


A) streptomycin
B) spongin
C) calcium carbonate
D) silica
E) cribrostatin

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from university. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles. -If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of the following structures except


A) antennae.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) an exoskeleton of chitin.
D) complex eyes.
E) sex organs.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Use the following information to answer the questions below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. -The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function most similar to that of


A) rhinophores.
B) dorsal plummules.
C) cerata.
D) more than one of these.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because


A) none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment.
B) they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm.
C) their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions.
D) their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?


A) Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present
B) Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
C) Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
D) Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
E) Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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