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During crucial periods of human evolution, the Pleistocene was characterized by:


A) massive glaciation, then warm interglacials.
B) high humidity.
C) aridity, then humidity.
D) glaciation, then aridity.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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How does Steno's law of superposition support relative and absolute dating methods?

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Steno's law of superposition essentially...

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How do dating methods help to support the theory of natural selection and biological evolution?

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Both relative and absolute dating method...

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The time it takes for 50% of an unstable isotope to decay to a stable form is called the:


A) semichron.
B) middlemorph.
C) demidose.
D) half-life.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Eras are:


A) divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.
B) any time periods in the past.
C) divisions of time based on cultural standards, as in "Stone Age."
D) the time frames during which a certain fossil species existed.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Electron spin resonance dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?


A) wood
B) shell
C) teeth
D) soft tissue such as muscle

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Fission track dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?


A) sedimentary rock
B) shell
C) bone
D) igneous rock

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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What is the most important variable in reconstructing ancient climate?


A) weather
B) sea levels
C) temperature estimated using any of several methods
D) isotope ratios

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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