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The ______ system allows us to interpret certain sensory information as pain.


A) somatosensory
B) endocrine
C) skeletal
D) muscular

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Discuss the statement "Injury does not necessarily equal pain."

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A.This statement reflects the variabilit...

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The gate control theory of pain assumes


A) the physiological reality of pain.
B) the nature of motor output factors in pain perception.
C) that chronic pain is heavily influenced by both spinal cord and brain activity.
D) that sensory input is not the only factor in pain perception.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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_____ are chemicals that carry information between nerves.


A) Afferent neurons
B) Efferent neurons
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Interneurons

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Specificity theory hypothesizes that


A) a person's interpretation of pain is more important that tissue damage in determining the intensity of pain.
B) acute pains intensify over time.
C) the experience of pain is approximately equal to the amount of tissue damage or injury.
D) chronic pain can become acute pain over time.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Eric hurt his back two years ago when he was at work,and since that time he has experienced periods during which he could not work because of his low back pain.Workers' compensation has helped financially during those times,but his wife has been burdened by doing Eric's chores and caring for him when he is incapacitated.His physician is reluctant to continue his prescription of opiate analgesics but understands that Eric's back pain is a problem and would like to get him into a program that would help his pain.After reviewing the options,recommend a program for Eric.

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A.Eric receives reinforcement for his pa...

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Which of these methods have been used to measure pain?


A) self-reports
B) behavioral assessment
C) physiological measures
D) all of these

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of these techniques measures muscle tension as an index of pain?


A) electromyography
B) thermography
C) blood flow in the temporal artery
D) heart rate

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Aspirin-type analgesic drugs are most effective in


A) treating gastric disorders.
B) relieving cancer pain.
C) treating injuries that are accompanied by inflammation.
D) treating patients who are candidates for surgery.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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With regard to gender,


A) women sense pain more quickly than men.
B) women are more likely to hide their pain.
C) men are more likely to be aware of their pain.
D) men are less likely to report pain.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Bailey has tried many treatments for chronic back pain.His treatment of last resort would probably be


A) surgery.
B) TENS.
C) opium-based drugs.
D) hypnosis.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In comparison to behavior modification techniques,cognitive therapy


A) is less effective.
B) is more solidly based in learning theory.
C) places more emphasis on the interpretation of events.
D) has a longer tradition of use for pain management.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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For phantom limb pain,the pain is more likely in the missing limb when:


A) there was much pain before the amputation.
B) there was no pain before the amputation.
C) the amputated limb is a leg.
D) all phantom pain is the same pain intensity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Opiate drugs


A) are effective analgesics.
B) produce dependence.
C) produce tolerance.
D) all of these.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to cognitive therapists,beliefs,personal standards,and ________ strongly affect people's behavior.


A) history of reinforcement
B) "catastrophizing"
C) suggestibility
D) implicit memory

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Cognitive therapists emphasize a change in


A) personality traits.
B) overt behavior.
C) thinking patterns.
D) philosophy of life.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Women are more than twice as likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis as men.

A) True
B) False

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Nociception refers to the process of perceiving ________.


A) stress
B) pain
C) anger
D) oxygen

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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A recent study examined social rejection and found that the resulting emotional pain affected brain activity similarly to physical pain.

A) True
B) False

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The substantia gelatinosa is


A) in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.
B) in the midbrain region, adjacent to the thalamus.
C) composed of a gelatin-like material that surrounds the lower portion of the brain.
D) a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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