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Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them.

A) True
B) False

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_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.


A) Availability bias
B) Confirmation bias
C) Escalation of commitment
D) Gambler's fallacy
E) Halo effect

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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_____ knowledge is not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.


A) Book-based
B) Direct
C) Explicit
D) Tacit
E) Documented

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A manager suspends one of his subordinates for showing up to work late. This is an example of:


A) negative feedback.
B) punishment.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) neutral reinforcement.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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The tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decision refers to which of these biases?


A) Availability bias
B) Confirmation bias
C) Anchoring
D) Gambler's fallacy
E) Halo effect

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations.


A) Performance orientations
B) Intuition
C) Faulty attributions
D) Calculations
E) Rational decisions

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.


A) Programmed
B) Unstructured
C) Indirect
D) Spontaneous
E) Surface

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is the first step in the behavioral modeling process?


A) Reinforcement
B) Production processes
C) Attentional processes
D) Retention processes
E) Extinction

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Albert is the manager of a large retail store, with the authority to hire employees. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive, and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment. Albert interviews people mainly to analyze if they have ability to address the latest problem that the store is facing. Identify the bias facing Albert in this case.


A) Anchoring
B) Representativeness
C) Framing
D) Contrast
E) Recency

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Albert is the manager of a large retail store, with the authority to hire employees. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive, and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment. Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews. He asks questions that come to his mind easily during interviews. He often finds that he does not hire good employees. This indicates _____.


A) an availability bias
B) the bandwagon effect
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) a projection bias
E) social identification processes

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The concept of bounded rationality suggests that we are likely to:


A) pick the alternative that minimizes value.
B) evaluate all alternatives simultaneously.
C) use accurate information to evaluate alternatives.
D) develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.
E) choose the first acceptable alternative.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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_____ are simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.


A) Heuristics
B) Perceptions
C) Self-fulfilling prophecies
D) Climates of transfer
E) Attributions

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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At a World Issues Conference, all the participants were asked to develop responses to two case situations. People split themselves up into teams based on their occupations. Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way?


A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Bandwagon effect
C) Social identity theory
D) Projection bias
E) Collective perception

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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When a worker comes late to the work site, an external attribution will occur if there is high ______, high ______, and low ______.


A) consensus; consistency; extinction
B) consensus; distinctiveness; consistency
C) consistency; distinctiveness; consensus
D) extinction; consistency; distinctiveness
E) consensus; consistency; distinction

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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