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The practice of standardizing marketing activities when cultural similarities exist and adapting them when cultures differ is called a _____ marketing strategy.


A) global
B) Malthusian
C) polyphonic
D) standardized

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements about Canadian gross domestic product (GDP) is NOT true?


A) Canada's gross domestic product is valued at over $1.75 trillion.
B) Canada exports over 50% of GDP, making it an important trading nation.
C) The three largest importers of Canadian goods and services are the United States, Japan and the European Union (EU) .
D) Canada exports over 35% of GDP, making it an important trading nation.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an advantage inherent in the use of licensing?


A) high entry costs
B) high risk
C) the ability to gain information about the dynamics of the market
D) increased employment in the company licensing its brand or technology

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Direct exporting is:


A) offering the right to a trademark, patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee.
B) contracting with a foreign firm to manufacture products according to certain specifications.
C) when a foreign country and a local firm invest together to create a local business.
D) when a firm sells its domestically produced goods in a foreign country without intermediaries.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Describe how a global cellphone manufacturer,such as Nokia,might design a cellphone for use in rural Kenya.

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A situation where products are bought in a lower-priced country from a manufacturer's authorized reseller,shipped to higher-priced countries,and sold through unauthorized channels of distribution below the manufacturer's suggested retail price is referred to as a:


A) Black market
B) Grey market
C) Monopolized market
D) Globalized market

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Briefly describe the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

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The Malaysian government exchanged 20,000 tonnes of rice for an equivalent amount of Philippine corn.This international exchange is an example of:


A) predatory pricing.
B) countertrade.
C) cross-cultural exchange.
D) economic adaptation.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Why might an upstart firm developing a new type of landing gear want to locate in Quebec's advanced aerospace cluster,home to firms such as Boeing,Bombardier,Pratt & Whitney,and Rolls Royce?


A) factor conditions
B) demand conditions
C) related and supporting industries
D) company structure, strategy, and rivarly

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements does NOT illustrate consumer ethnocentrism?


A) "Buy American-made products.Keep America working."-Jim Brown, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
B) "Buy British-made products.Keep the United Kingdom working."-James Burns, Manchester, England.
C) "Buy German-made products.Keep Germany working."-Franz Braun, Homburg, Germany.
D) "Refer to 'French-fries' as 'Freedom fries'"-George W.Bush, after France's refusal to join coalition forces in Iraq.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which form of entry into a foreign market requires the greatest commitment?


A) direct exporting
B) direct investment
C) joint venture
D) licensing

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an example of a demand condition?


A) natural resources
B) existence of supplier clusters
C) sophistication of consumers
D) intensity of competition

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Give one argument for and one argument against protectionism.

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Briefly describe what is meant by economic infrastructure and give an example of how each element of it may affect marketing plans.

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A graphical representation of Michael Porter's elements which create a nation's competitive advantage looks like a:


A) diamond.
B) pyramid.
C) continuum.
D) circle or loop.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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In a world where 70 percent of all countries do not have convertible currencies or where government-owned enterprises lack sufficient cash or credit for imports,other means of payment are used.An estimated 15 to 20 percent of world trade involves _________,the practice of using barter rather than money for making global sales.


A) predatory pricing
B) a countertrade
C) cross-cultural exchange
D) economic adaptation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A marketing anthropologist on staff at Coca-Cola frequently reviews the connection between symbols and their unique meaning to different groups of people.This staff member is studying which field?


A) cross-cultural analysis
B) symbiotics
C) semiotics
D) symbolic linguistics

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In Venezuela and Chile,a consumer can purchase wireless local,wireless long distance,and have access to a local Internet service provider in additional to his or her phone services.In Peru,a consumer can purchase wireless local services,but no Internet access is generally available.In Argentina,a consumer can buy wireless local service and Internet service,but not wireless long-distance service.These communication differences indicate the differences in these countries':


A) capital infrastructure.
B) political infrastructure.
C) economic infrastructure.
D) geopolitical network.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Theodore Levitt wrote a book titled The Marketing Imagination.In the book,Levitt argues that consumers in the world over are becoming very similar in their wants and behaviours.Levitt asserts marketers should standardize their marketing strategies and activities in order to benefit from economies of scale.Levitt is encouraging marketers to adopt a _____ marketing strategy.


A) global
B) multinational
C) multidomestic
D) customized

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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A New York carwash owner wanted to open a carwash in Quebec,Canada.He hired a U.S.translator to create signage for the new venture and to design some simple advertising.It was not until the business was opened that he learned that he should have used ___.His French signs actually said "car bath" instead of carwash.


A) Porter's diamond.
B) the trade feedback effect.
C) back translation.
D) semiotics.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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