Question 1

Mora has been trying to lose weight,so she skips breakfast.Around lunchtime she feels extremely hungry.One reason for her hunger is that her

Accepted Answer

A)   blood glucose level has dropped.
B)   blood glucose level has increased.
C)   leptin levels are high.
D)   ghrelin production is low.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of an animal is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   lower the animal's set point for body weight.
B)   cause the animal to become extremely fat.
C)   lower the animal's blood insulin levels.
D)   increase the animal's basal metabolic rate.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the stomach,the remaining stomach then produces much less

Accepted Answer

A)   PYY.
B)   orexin.
C)   ghrelin.
D)   insulin.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

People's preferences for sweet tastes are ________,and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   needs;drives
B)   drives;needs
C)   universal;learned
D)   learned;universalE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Tomas is very hungry after working out at the gym.His motivation to eat is being regulated by several areas of the

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus.
B)   medulla.
C)   amygdala.
D)   hippocampus.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Although Jana's weight has been stable for 10 years,during the past month her weight has dropped more than 10 percent below her set point.It is likely that Jana is experiencing a(n) ________ in hunger and a(n) ________ in basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase;increase
B)   decrease;increase
C)   increase;decrease
D)   decrease;decreaseE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Yu-Fin,who lives in China,typically eats fried caterpillars,scorpions,and grilled dog meat.It is very likely that Yu-Fin

Accepted Answer

A)   is very poor and malnourished.
B)   is influenced in his eating habits by social and cultural factors.
C)   is mentally ill.
D)   eats regularly at the college cafeteria.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

The form of blood sugar that provides the major source of energy for body tissues is

Accepted Answer

A)   ghrelin.
B)   insulin.
C)   glucose.
D)   serotonin.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Working with Walter Cannon,A.L.Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)   rising blood glucose levels.
B)   reduced secretions of ghrelin.
C)   a rising set point.
D)   stomach contractions.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor.Following a successful recovery,Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)   PYY.
B)   leptin.
C)   ghrelin.
D)   epinephrine.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In an experiment by Ancel Keys,36 male volunteers cut their food intake in half for a period of 6 months.In response to this semistarvation,the volunteers

Accepted Answer

A)   did not stabilize their weight even though they were taking in half their previous calories.
B)   stabilized at 25 percent of their normal weight,while taking in half their previous calories.
C)   reduced their energy expenditure,and their body weights stabilized at about 25 percent below their starting weights.
D)   increased their energy expenditure and their basal metabolic rate.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

A body that can store fat has the advantage of possessing

Accepted Answer

A)   low blood pressure.
B)   stored energy.
C)   a low set point.
D)   reduced levels of serotonin.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

In impoverished places a heavier body is a sign of

Accepted Answer

A)   low affluence and status.
B)   high affluence and status.
C)   neophobia.
D)   importance of portion size.E) None of the above
F) A) and D) B

Question 14

Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember,she is determined to lose excess body weight with a low-calorie diet.Cara is most likely to have difficulty becoming and staying thin because

Accepted Answer

A)   she may have a higher-than-average set point for body weight.
B)   low-calorie diets trigger increased secretions of PYY.
C)   lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue.
D)   her resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt her to overeat.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above A

Question 15

Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?

Accepted Answer

A)   Although laboratory mice and rats will overeat if given a variety of foods to eat,animals in the wild will eat only enough to maintain a normal body weight.
B)   Sustained changes in body weight can alter one's set point,and psychological factors also sometimes drive our feelings of hunger.
C)   Even when people are given medications that boost brain levels of serotonin,their weight will gradually decrease with age.
D)   The prevalence of obesity is just as great in developing countries as in North America.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

In rats and humans,________ influences body type and approximate set point.

Accepted Answer

A)   basal metabolic rate.
B)   the ecology of eating
C)   heredity
D)   homeostasisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

French waistlines are smaller than American waistlines in part because the French offer foods in smaller portion sizes than do Americans.If so,this would best illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   social facilitation.
B)   the ecology of eating.
C)   the set point.
D)   the body mass index.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Jan and Paul are fraternal twins who are being raised together.Mark and Thomas are identical twins who are being raised in different families,but Mark is being raised with Jan and Paul.Which of the following is true in terms of their weights?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jan and Paul are more likely to be similar than are Mark and Thomas.
B)   Mark will be more similar to Jan and Paul than to Thomas.
C)   Mark is more likely to be similar to Thomas,even though they are being raised apart.
D)   Thomas will be more similar to his family than to Mark.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D) C

Question 19

When encouraged to eat their fill of M&M'S,people ate more when given a large rather than a small serving scoop.This most clearly reflects

Accepted Answer

A)   neophobia.
B)   a set point.
C)   social facilitation.
D)   the importance of portion size.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Eating food more ________ leads to eating less food.This is especially true for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   slowly;women
B)   rapidly;women
C)   slowly;men
D)   rapidly;menE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Mora has been trying to lose weight,so she skips breakfast.Around lunchtime she feels extremely hungry.One reason for her hunger is that her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of an animal is most likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the stomach,the remaining stomach then produces much less

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's preferences for sweet tastes are ________,and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tomas is very hungry after working out at the gym.His motivation to eat is being regulated by several areas of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Jana's weight has been stable for 10 years,during the past month her weight has dropped more than 10 percent below her set point.It is likely that Jana is experiencing a(n) ________ in hunger and a(n) ________ in basal metabolic rate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yu-Fin,who lives in China,typically eats fried caterpillars,scorpions,and grilled dog meat.It is very likely that Yu-Fin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The form of blood sugar that provides the major source of energy for body tissues is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Working with Walter Cannon,A.L.Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor.Following a successful recovery,Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment by Ancel Keys,36 male volunteers cut their food intake in half for a period of 6 months.In response to this semistarvation,the volunteers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A body that can store fat has the advantage of possessing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In impoverished places a heavier body is a sign of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember,she is determined to lose excess body weight with a low-calorie diet.Cara is most likely to have difficulty becoming and staying thin because

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In rats and humans,________ influences body type and approximate set point.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

French waistlines are smaller than American waistlines in part because the French offer foods in smaller portion sizes than do Americans.If so,this would best illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jan and Paul are fraternal twins who are being raised together.Mark and Thomas are identical twins who are being raised in different families,but Mark is being raised with Jan and Paul.Which of the following is true in terms of their weights?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When encouraged to eat their fill of M&M'S,people ate more when given a large rather than a small serving scoop.This most clearly reflects

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eating food more ________ leads to eating less food.This is especially true for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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People's preferences for sweet tastes are ,and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are .

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Although Jana's weight has been stable for 10 years,during the past month her weight has dropped more than 10 percent below her set point.It is likely that Jana is experiencing a(n) in hunger and a(n) in basal metabolic rate.

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B

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A

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C

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Eating food more leads to eating less food.This is especially true for .

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