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Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

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Question 121

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In many societies, the average IQ scores of minority groups are lower than the average IQ scores of the dominant or majority groups. Why can't heritability estimates be used to explain group differences in intelligence?

A) Heritability estimates can only be used to predict individual variation from standardized test scores and do not apply to group differences.
B) Estimates of genetic differences apply only to characteristics that are determined by a single gene or gene pair.
C) Unless the environmental conditions of two racial groups are virtually identical, it is impossible to estimate the overall genetic differences between the two groups.
D) Heritability estimates only apply to intelligence scores that are averaged over a period of at least 20 years, and group data does not exist for that period.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 122

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Trent does not respond to attempts at social interaction. He also engages in repetitive or odd motor behaviors and focuses on a few restricted routines and interests. According to the In Focus box "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ," these characteristics are typical of a disorder called:

A) autism spectrum disorder.
B) neurodiversity syndrome.
C) mental set disease.
D) intellectual disability.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 123

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As In Focus box on neurodiversity discusses, Dawson's study using the Raven's Progressive Matrices test and Wechsler's intelligence test (WISC) showed that, on average, autistic children scored fully 30 percentile points higher on the Raven's test than they did on Wechsler's intelligence test.

When people are motivated by external rewards, such as money or grades, they are intrinsically motivated.

With whom do you associate the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Which of the following statements regarding the determination of intelligence is FALSE?

Define stereotype lift, and explain how psychological research has demonstrated its effects on test performance.

Only data from identical twins are used to produce heritability estimates of intelligence and other characteristics, since other relatives, such as siblings, are too genetically different to produce usable data.

Lindsay hopes to gain admission to graduate school to become a chemical engineer, and she needs to take the Graduate Record Exams (GRE) in physics and chemistry as part of her application. Although she has gotten excellent grades in both chemistry and physics in college, when she enters the room for her physics test, she can't help but notice that almost all of the students taking the test are male, and she is only one of a handful of female students. According to research by Claude Steele, what might be the effect of Lindsay's awareness that she is vastly outnumbered by male students?

Syntax is to _____ as generative is to _____.

Which of the following is the research method most commonly used to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in human intelligence?

The word school describes the place where teachers teach and students learn. It can also be used to describe a college, a kindergarten, and a place in which people learn to cut hair or play a musical instrument. School in this example is a:

Describe Terman's longitudinal study of 1,500 gifted children and discuss its implications and conclusions.

An intuitive hunch is most likely to be accurate when:

The psychological process that involves manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions is called:

When Adrian's computer would not respond to commands from the wireless keyboard, he tried restarting the computer, as that strategy had worked in the past. After several tries, the keyboard still did not work, so he gave up and called a computer repair service. A technician easily solved the problem: the batteries in the wireless keyboard needed to be replaced. Adrian's inability to solve the problem on his own had been hampered by his:

Eight-year-old Terry's performance on an intelligence test is at a level characteristic of an average 5-year-old. Terry's mental age is:

When tests were described as measuring intelligence, Hispanic students performed more poorly than white students; children from a low socioeconomic background performed more poorly than students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds; and social science majors scored lower than natural science majors. These examples all illustrate:

In choosing the goal of creativity, people need to acquire relevant knowledge, try different approaches, exert effort, and expect setbacks.

Emily created a new sentence that neither she nor anybody else had ever heard before: "The chinless human-factors-interface-technician roamed the halls of academia looking for a lobotomized bureaucrat with whom to interface." This example most clearly illustrates the _____.