Question 1

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Accepted Answer

A)   ineffective in even temporarily restraining unwanted behavior.
B)   more effective than negative reinforcers in shaping behavior.
C)   the opposite of positive reinforcers and thus is its psychological equivalent in terms of changing behavior.
D)   less effective than positive reinforcers in promoting desirable behavior.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes was called

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalysis.
B)   behaviorism.
C)   cognitive neuroscience.
D)   evolutionary psychology.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 4

Without any explicit training from adults,many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   latent learning.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Models are most effective when

Accepted Answer

A)   they are the opposite biological sex of the observer.
B)   they are demonstrating prosocial behaviors.
C)   they are biologically related to the observer.
D)   their actions and words are consistent.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In classical conditioning,an organism forms associations between

Accepted Answer

A)   immediate and delayed reinforcers.
B)   events that it does not control.
C)   primary and secondary reinforcers.
D)   its own behavior and resulting outcomes.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Mark can't go to his baseball practice this week because he lied to his parents about something that he did with his friends.Removing baseball practice is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a negative reinforcer.
B)   a positive reinforcer.
C)   negative punishment.
D)   positive punishment.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Children are especially likely to behave aggressively after viewing TV violence in which an attractive person commits

Accepted Answer

A)   justified violence that causes no visible pain or harm.
B)   unjustified violence that causes no visible pain or harm.
C)   justified violence that causes a lot of visible pain or harm.
D)   unjustified violence that causes a lot of visible pain or harm.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   reinforcement.
D)   operant behavior.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT provide an example of how Pavlov's principles can influence human health and well-being?

Accepted Answer

A)   Former drug users often feel a craving when they are again in the drug-using context.
B)   Children can learn health-related behaviors by observing their parents.
C)   The association between consuming sugary substances and an enjoyable sensation makes dieting difficult.
D)   When a taste accompanies a drug that influences immune responses,the taste by itself can come to also influence immune responses.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   pleasant;pleasant
B)   aversive;aversive
C)   pleasant;aversive
D)   aversive;pleasantE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Compared with continuous reinforcement,intermittent reinforcement is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   slower acquisition and faster extinction.
B)   faster acquisition and slower extinction.
C)   faster acquisition and faster extinction.
D)   slower acquisition and slower extinction.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

A psychologist who emphasizes cognitive processes would be likely to suggest that classical conditioning depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   an organism's behavior in response to environmental stimulation.
B)   the amount of time between the presentation of the CS and the US.
C)   how frequently an organism is exposed to an association of a CS and a US.
D)   an organism's expectation that a US will follow a CS.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is most clearly an operant behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   blinking
B)   salivating
C)   complaining
D)   blushingE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

A slow but steady rate of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-intervalE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad.Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   discrimination.
C)   an unconditioned response.
D)   generalization.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Whose work demonstrates how basic research conducted based on the interests of the researcher can have a broader purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)   B.F.Skinner
B)   Albert Bandura
C)   Ivan Pavlov
D)   Charles DarwinE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Through language we often learn things that we ourselves have neither personally experienced nor directly observed.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   cognitive learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Generally,________ predispose(s) organisms to learn associations that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   preparedness;lead to instinctive drift
B)   biological constraints;are naturally adaptive
C)   latent learning;are naturally adaptive
D)   predictability;lead to instinctive driftE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom,she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   instinctive drift.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   vicarious reinforcement.
D)   latent learning.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 7: Learning

Whose work demonstrates how basic research conducted based on the interests of the researcher can have a broader purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad.Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom,she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Models are most effective when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes was called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with continuous reinforcement,intermittent reinforcement is associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist who emphasizes cognitive processes would be likely to suggest that classical conditioning depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT provide an example of how Pavlov's principles can influence human health and well-being?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Without any explicit training from adults,many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through language we often learn things that we ourselves have neither personally experienced nor directly observed.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most clearly an operant behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark can't go to his baseball practice this week because he lied to his parents about something that he did with his friends.Removing baseball practice is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,an organism forms associations between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A slow but steady rate of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Generally,________ predispose(s) organisms to learn associations that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children are especially likely to behave aggressively after viewing TV violence in which an attractive person commits

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) stimulus following a behavior.

Correct Answer
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Generally, predispose(s) organisms to learn associations that .

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